A small oil-rich sultanate that was a British protectorate until independence in 1984. Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah, on the throne since 1967, is one of the world’s last absolute monarchs and serves as his own prime minister. Brunei introduced a strict Islamic penal code in 2019 and keeps a generous state welfare system paid for by oil and gas.
Its current leader’s position on the ten Caucus dimensions.
One of the world’s last absolute monarchs and among its longest-reigning rulers, he introduced a strict Islamic penal code in 2019 that includes stoning as a penalty.
Hassanal Bolkiah sits in the left-authoritarian part of the Caucus economy and liberty compass: leaning state-led and strongly authoritarian. The clearest positions are strongly authoritarian on liberty and authority, strongly traditional on culture and strongly religious on religion.
Full profile of Hassanal Bolkiah →Ranked by how close their current leaders are on the ten dimensions.
Country histories are short summaries. Positions are simplified estimates of the leaders included in Caucus as of October 2026, and percentages show how close two profiles are across all ten dimensions.
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