Independent from Britain in 1947 after a largely nonviolent movement led by Gandhi and Nehru, India was partitioned with Pakistan in a bloody split. It has been the world’s largest democracy since, ruled for decades by the Congress party and, since 2014, by Narendra Modi’s Hindu-nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party. It is now the world’s most populous country and a fast-growing power.
Its current leader’s position on the ten Caucus dimensions.
Leads the Hindu-nationalist BJP, pushing infrastructure and digital payments and fast economic growth. Critics point to pressure on religious minorities.
Narendra Modi sits in the right-authoritarian part of the Caucus economy and liberty compass: slightly free market and strongly authoritarian. The clearest positions are strongly nationalist on nation, strongly traditional on culture and strongly tech-optimist on technology.
Full profile of Narendra Modi →
Arundhati Roy Indian novelist and activist
Vandana Shiva Indian environmental activist
Atal Bihari Vajpayee Prime Minister of India, 1996 and 1998 to 2004
Indira Gandhi Prime Minister of India, 1966 to 1977 and 1980 to 1984
Jawaharlal Nehru Prime Minister of India, 1947 to 1964
Mahatma Gandhi Leader of the Indian independence movement
Manmohan Singh Prime Minister of India, 2004 to 2014
Mother Teresa Catholic nun and missionary, 1910 to 1997Ranked by how close their current leaders are on the ten dimensions.
Country histories are short summaries. Positions are simplified estimates of the leaders included in Caucus as of October 2026, and percentages show how close two profiles are across all ten dimensions.
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