An ancient empire, Iran was ruled by shahs until the 1979 revolution led by Ayatollah Khomeini created the Islamic Republic, in which an unelected Supreme Leader holds ultimate authority above the elected president. It fought a long war with Iraq in the 1980s and has been in a standoff with the West over its nuclear program. Mojtaba Khamenei became Supreme Leader in 2026.
Iran today
The average of its current leaders on the ten Caucus dimensions. Open a profile to see each person’s scores.
A heart surgeon and reformist who won a 2024 snap election after Ebrahim Raisi's death, serving within a system where the Supreme Leader has the final word.
Masoud Pezeshkian sits in the right-authoritarian part of the Caucus economy and liberty compass: centered on economy and strongly authoritarian. The clearest positions are strongly religious on religion, strongly authoritarian on liberty and authority and strongly nationalist on nation. The profile is close to the middle on economy and environment.
A Shia cleric and son of the previous Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei, he took over the country's top post in 2026.
Mojtaba Khamenei sits in the left-authoritarian part of the Caucus economy and liberty compass: leaning state-led and strongly authoritarian. The clearest positions are strongly authoritarian on liberty and authority, strongly traditional on culture and strongly religious on religion.
Country histories are short summaries. Positions are simplified estimates of the leaders included in Caucus as of October 2026, and percentages show how close two profiles are across all ten dimensions.
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