The world’s smallest state, created by the 1929 Lateran Treaty between the Holy See and Italy, ending a dispute that began when Rome joined Italy in 1870. It is an elective absolute monarchy whose ruler is the pope, chosen by the College of Cardinals. Leo XIV, the first pope from the United States, was elected in 2025.
Its current leader’s position on the ten Caucus dimensions.
The first pope from the United States, elected in May 2025 after the death of Pope Francis.
Pope Leo XIV sits in the left-authoritarian part of the Caucus economy and liberty compass: slightly state-led and slightly authoritarian. The clearest positions are strongly religious on religion, strongly institutional on institutions and strongly peace-first on war and peace.
Full profile of Pope Leo XIV →Ranked by how close their current leaders are on the ten dimensions.
Country histories are short summaries. Positions are simplified estimates of the leaders included in Caucus as of October 2026, and percentages show how close two profiles are across all ten dimensions.
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