Portrait of Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Center · Leader · From history

Fernando Henrique Cardoso

President of Brazil, 1995 to 2003

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A sociologist who as finance minister tamed hyperinflation with the Real Plan, and as president privatized state firms and expanded social programs.

Fernando Henrique Cardoso sits in the right-libertarian part of the Caucus economy and liberty compass: slightly free market and slightly libertarian. The clearest positions are strongly institutional on institutions, leaning tech-optimist on technology and leaning globalist on nation. The profile is close to the middle on interventionism.

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Where Fernando Henrique Cardoso sits on ten dimensions

Each scale runs from one pole to the other, and the dot shows the overall tendency of this person's record and public life. These are simplified estimates and open to debate.

💰EconomySlightly free market
State-ledFree market
⚖️Liberty and authoritySlightly libertarian
LibertarianAuthoritarian
🎭CultureSlightly progressive
ProgressiveTraditional
🌍NationLeaning globalist
GlobalistNationalist
🌱EnvironmentSlightly nature-first
Growth-firstNature-first
🤖TechnologyLeaning tech-optimist
Tech-cautiousTech-optimist
🕊️War and peaceSlightly peace-first
Peace-firstStrength-first
🏛️InstitutionsStrongly institutional
Anti-establishmentInstitutional
🙏ReligionSlightly secular
SecularReligious
🛡️InterventionismCentered on interventionism
Non-interventionistInterventionist

People most like Fernando Henrique Cardoso

Ben Bernanke American economist and former Federal Reserve chairman99%Bob Hawke Prime Minister of Australia, 1983 to 199199%Gerhard Schröder Chancellor of Germany, 1998 to 200599%Micheál Martin Taoiseach of Ireland, 2020 to 2022 and 2025 to present99%Janet Yellen American economist and former US Treasury Secretary99%Manmohan Singh Prime Minister of India, 2004 to 201499%Christine Lagarde President of the European Central Bank, 2019 to present99%Larry Summers American economist and former US Treasury Secretary99%

People furthest from Fernando Henrique Cardoso

Benito Mussolini Prime Minister of Italy, 1922 to 194315%Adolf Hitler Chancellor and Führer of Germany, 1933 to 194515%Jair Bolsonaro President of Brazil, 2019 to 202216%Ruhollah Khomeini Supreme Leader of Iran, 1979 to 198916%

Political views closest to Fernando Henrique Cardoso

Social market economyKeeps markets competitive but backs them with rules, social insurance and partnership…99%Third Way centrismCombines market economics with moderate social policy and pragmatic problem solving.99%KeynesianismSupports government spending and central bank action to smooth recessions and protect…98%ConstitutionalismHolds that power should be limited by a written constitution, independent courts and…98%

Read more about Fernando Henrique Cardoso

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Biographies of Fernando Henrique CardosoBooks on social market economy

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Percentages show how close two profiles are across all ten dimensions. Including a person here is for study and comparison, not approval. Portrait: Agência Brasil, CC BY 3.0 br, via Wikimedia Commons; see all photo credits.